Python Tutorial

Introduction

Python Data Types & Oper...

Python Strings

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Python Tuples

Python Sets

Python Dictionaries

Conditional Statements

Python Loops

Python Functions

Python Modules

Python OOPS

Advanced Topics

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Python Modules

Python Tutorial

Introduction

Python Data Types & Oper...

Python Strings

Python Lists

Python Tuples

Python Sets

Python Dictionaries

Conditional Statements

Python Loops

Python Functions

Python Modules

Python OOPS

Advanced Topics

File Handling

Edit Template

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Python Modules

Python Recursion

In Python, a module is simply a file that contains Python code. You can think of it like a toolbox — instead of rewriting code again and again, you can just grab what you need from a module. This keeps your programs clean, organized, and reusable.

Built-in Modules

Python comes with many ready-made modules. You can use them by simply importing them. A few common ones include:

				
					math, random, datetime, statistics, json, turtle, csv

Example: Using the math module

				
					import math

angle = math.pi / 4  # 45 degrees in radians
print("Sine of 0 is", math.sin(0))
print("Sine of 45 degrees is", math.sin(angle))

Output:

				
					Sine of 0 is 0.0
Sine of 45 degrees is 0.7071067811865475

Creating and Using Your Own Module

You can make your own module by writing Python functions in a .py file. Suppose we create a file named calculator.py:

				
					# calculator.py

def add(x, y):
    return x + y

def subtract(x, y):
    return x - y

def multiply(x, y):
    return x * y

def divide(x, y):
    return x / y

Now let’s use this module in another file:

				
					# app.py

import calculator

print("Sum:", calculator.add(10, 5))
print("Difference:", calculator.subtract(10, 5))

Output:

				
					Sum: 15
Difference: 5

Import With Alias

Sometimes module names can be long. You can shorten them using an alias:

				
					import math as m

print("Square root of 81 is", m.sqrt(81))

Output:

				
					Square root of 81 is 9.0

Import Specific Functions

You don’t always have to import the whole module. You can pick only what you need:

				
					from calculator import add, multiply

print(add(3, 4))
print(multiply(3, 4))

If you try to use something that wasn’t imported:

				
					print(divide(10, 2))  # This will give an error

You’ll get:

				
					NameError: name 'divide' is not defined

Import Everything From a Module

If you want to use everything from a module without prefixing it with the module name:

				
					from calculator import *

print(add(6, 3))
print(subtract(6, 3))

The dir() Function

The dir() function lets you see what functions and variables are available in a module.

				
					import math

print(dir(math))

This will print a long list of available features in the math module.

Summary

A module is just a Python file you can reuse.
Use import to access built-in or custom modules.
Use as to shorten long module names.
Use from module import function to import specific parts.
Use dir() to explore what’s inside a module.