Python Tutorial
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Python Data Types & Oper...
Python Strings
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Python Loops
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Python OOPS
Advanced Topics
File Handling
Python Operators
In Python, operators are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. They are the building blocks of expressions and logic in programming.
Let’s go through each category of Python operators with unique examples to better understand how they work.
1. Arithmetic Operators
These operators are used for simple math operations.
a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b) # 13 (Addition)
print(a - b) # 7 (Subtraction)
print(a * b) # 30 (Multiplication)
print(a / b) # 3.333... (Division)
print(a ** b) # 1000 (Exponentiation)
print(a % b) # 1 (Modulus - remainder)
print(a // b) # 3 (Floor Division)
2. Assignment Operators
These allow you to assign and update variables at the same time.
x = 5
x += 2 # Same as x = x + 2
x *= 3 # Same as x = x * 3
x %= 4 # Same as x = x % 4
print(x) # Output will be the result of all the operations
Other assignment operators include: -=, /=, //=, **=, &=, |=, ^=, >>=, <<=
3. Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators deal with binary numbers directly.
a = 6 # 110 in binary
b = 3 # 011 in binary
print(a & b) # 2 (AND)
print(a | b) # 7 (OR)
print(~a) # -7 (NOT)
print(a ^ b) # 5 (XOR)
print(a << 1) # 12 (Left shift)
print(b >> 1) # 1 (Right shift)
4. Comparison Operators
Used to compare values and return True or False.
a = 8
b = 12
print(a == b) # False
print(a != b) # True
print(a < b) # True
print(a >= b) # False
5. Logical Operators
These operators combine multiple boolean expressions.
x = 10
y = 20
print(x > 5 and y < 30) # True
print(x > 15 or y > 15) # True
print(not(x > 5)) # False
6. Identity Operators
They check if two variables point to the same object (memory reference).
a = [1, 2]
b = a
c = [1, 2]
print(a is b) # True (same object)
print(a is not c) # True (different objects even if values match)
7. Membership Operators
They check whether a value exists in a sequence like a list or string.
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'mango']
print('banana' in fruits) # True
print('cherry' not in fruits) # True
Operator Precedence (Order of Execution)
When writing expressions with multiple operators, Python follows a specific order:
From highest to lowest:
()– Parentheses**– Exponentiation+x, -x, ~x– Unary operators*, /, %, //– Multiplicative+, -– Additive<<, >>– Bitwise shifts&– Bitwise AND^, |– Bitwise XOR and ORComparisons:
<,<=,>,>=Equality:
==,!=Assignment:
=,+=,*=, etc.Identity:
is,is notMembership:
in,not inLogical:
not,and,or
Final Thoughts
Python gives you a wide variety of operators to handle numbers, logic, comparisons, and more. Mastering operators will help you write efficient and clean code, especially when combining logic and calculations.
Keep experimenting with different operators and try combining them to build more complex expressions.